Mach 5 Jet - A report from Popular Mechanics suggests that a new Boeing supersonic jet could serve as a spiritual successor to the Mach 3 SR-71 Blackbird.
Boeing unveiled a model and artist rendering of the Delta jetliner this week at the AIAA SciTech Aerospace Forum.
Mach 5 Jet
This attack and reconnaissance aircraft could theoretically fly at five times the speed of sound. This is thanks to a "wave" configuration that allows the aircraft to use its shock waves generated during flight to increase lift and reduce drag.
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According to Aviation Week, Boeing has dubbed the plane the Valkyrie 2, although Boeing has yet to reveal any major official details and the plane is very much in the concept stage.
Four years after first unveiling its hypersonic aircraft concept at #AIAASciTech 2018 , @Boeing unveiled a revised and more realistic Mach 5 reusable air-breathing design for military and space launch roles at the @aiaa San Diego event. pic.twitter.com/CtpxA5OJGn — GuyGn Norris (@AvWeekGuy) January 4, 2022
The Valkyrie II is an evolution of Boeing's 2018 concept called the Valkyrie, a supersonic passenger jet that can fly between London and New York in just two hours. The Hypersonic concept has been compared to Lockheed Martin's own SR-72 project, which is literally the successor to the SR-71 Blackbird.
Both the Lockheed Martin and Boeing designs use a hybrid engine to reach Mach 3 before switching to twin jets for acceleration to supersonic speeds. Lockheed Martin is working with Aerojet Rocketdyne to develop the engine, while Boeing is working with Orbital ATK.
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Lockheed Martin's SR-72, or "Blackbird Boy," could make its first test flight in 2025 and is expected to reach speeds of Mach 6, or 4,603 mph (7,400 km/h). The SR-71 Blackbird is the fastest manned aircraft in history, although it was retired by the US Air Force in 1998. On the other hand, the SR-72 and Boeing's new supersonic concept plane will likely be a drone.
China's hypersonic capabilities recently made headlines when it launched a hypersonic missile with "advanced space capabilities" that surprised US officials. Meanwhile, the U.S. Air Force last July awarded a $60 million contract to build an early Mach 5 single-engine aircraft over the next three years.
Researchers analyzed nearly 100 tattoo inks and reported that ingredient labels were inaccurate. They also discovered small particles that are harmful to cells. Photo: Hermeus Hermeus plans to build a demonstration vehicle in the next five years, and a commercial aircraft in about a decade, co-founder and chief executive Skyler Shuford said in 2019.
Hermes Aerospace announced Thursday a contract with the U.S. Air Force and the Presidential and Executive Aviation Administration to develop a supersonic aircraft for the presidential fleet.
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Although the next Air Force One, a modified 747-8, is due to be delivered to Boeing next year, the Hermeos contract foresees its eventual replacement.
Hermeus said it won the contract after successfully designing, building and testing a prototype engine capable of taking the plane to Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound — about 3,300 miles per hour. Mach 5 marks the boundary between supersonic and supersonic speeds.
Hermeos co-founder and chief operating officer Skyler Shaford said in 2019 that Hermeos plans to build a demonstration vehicle within the next five years, with a commercial aircraft expected in about a decade. Part of the project will focus on integrating Air Force requirements into aircraft designs, the Air Force said in a press release announcing the contract.
Hermeus announced last year that it plans to build a Mach 5 plane that can fly from New York to Paris in 90 minutes. Ars Technica reported in May 2019 that the company had raised a seed round of funding led by Khosla Ventures, which it used to develop a prototype. According to the report, Hermeus has said that it will use a turbine-based hybrid motorcycle for propulsion.
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Photo: Hermeus said it could design, build and test a prototype engine in just nine months. Source: Hermes
At the time, Hermeus said it planned to make more use of existing technologies and materials to achieve hypersonic travel.
"We can fly the vehicle very quickly with today's technology," co-founder and chief technology officer Glen Case said in a video released this spring.
"We're not involved in anything too miraculous," Shafford told Ars Technica last year. We want to do engineering, not science. The newly renamed HyperStar, scheduled to enter service in 2028, will have a top speed of Mach 5 at 80,000 feet and a range of 7,000 nm.
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HyperMach Aerospace is nearly halfway through a two-year program to validate key technologies for the newly renamed Supersonic Business Jet (SSBJ) and hybrid turbofan jet engine being developed by sister company SonicBlue Aerospace. Richard Logue, who heads both companies, told AIN that 2016 and 2017 are "pivotal years" for SSBJ, formerly SonicStar.
In addition, HyperMach has revised the basic performance and specifications of the aircraft to achieve a maximum speed of Mach 5 at 80,000 feet and a range of 7,000 nm. In late 2012, it increased the SSBJ's top speed to Mach 4.5 and range to 6,500 nm, up from Mach 3.6 and 6,000 nm when it announced the project at the 2011 Paris Air Show.
It also increased the size of the aircraft in late 2012 to accommodate 36 passengers from the original 20. It hasn't made any other changes to the original configuration since then. The design has been updated and the HyperStar now has a larger offset delta wing, a modified V-tail and a more powerful pair of engines compared to the original design. Both the larger fuselage, which now includes central tanks, and the wing provide more fuel, which in turn helps increase the aircraft's range.
HyperMach plans to announce its airframe partner in the second quarter of next year. "During 2016, the company worked with the airframe manufacturer to identify and develop a successful development plan and carefully review the risks and benefits of the component design, schedule and airframe team, as well as the design of the first flight prototype." Logue said.
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HyperMach is now preparing to begin HyperStar wind tunnel testing next year, and has plans to begin hypersonic testing at a wind tunnel facility in Europe in May. Low-speed wind tunnel tests are scheduled to begin in the United States in June and high-speed tests in Europe in April. The low- and high-speed analyzes are scheduled to be completed by the end of next year, while the ultrasonic evaluations will take 30 months.
The high-speed wind tunnel tests will also allow the company to continue testing electromagnetic drag reduction technology (EDRT), which it plans to use to reduce and possibly eliminate acoustic booms. Using this core technology, a generated plasma ion field is pulsed around strategic surfaces of the fuselage, wing and tail to provide active laminar flow control at the boundary layer interface. This alters the shape of the dual-pressure N-shaped shock wave that exits the ground, significantly reducing overpressure and acoustic boom. Additionally, this plasma field helps reduce heat on the HyperStar ceramic composite skin.
Logue said HyperMach engineers have demonstrated EDRT flow control in the lab and found that it is 90 percent efficient at Mach 3.0 and above. According to the company, the EDRT system, which is electrically powered by the auxiliary power of the H-Magjet engine at sea, is a pulse-phase system, which makes it safe for the occupants of the aircraft and is approved according to government regulations.
To reduce costs and risk, HyperMach is unusually planning to fly an unmanned scale model of the HyperStar in late 2018. This flying car will fly in supersonic corridors to be tested at speeds of up to Mach 5. said the company. Unsurprisingly, the U.S. military has shown interest in the drone-scale unmanned vehicle, although Logue insisted the program is limited enough to prevent the military from banning civilian HyperStar development.
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Meanwhile, in Portland, Maine, SonicBlue is developing and testing critical technology built into the 76,000-pound-thrust H-Magjet 5500-X SSBJ hybrid turbofan jet engines. Logue said the company has "major patent rights" to its "revolutionary propulsion technology," which includes a superconducting turbocharger core ring to generate the power the plane needs.
He noted: The first stage of the engine produces more than 10 megawatts of power, which drives the electromagnetic compressor and bypass fans. The H-Magjet has five turbine stages, all producing several megawatts of power.
As with other companies working to certify civil supersonic aircraft, engine emissions and Stage 4 noise requirements remain a concern. Preliminary tests show that the H-Magjet engine exceeds both limits, but the SonicBlue team is working to reduce emissions and noise by finalizing the engine design, Lugg said.
Lugg told AIN that the company is developing an ion plasma injection chamber to "provide the highest efficiency and performance in combustion and provide a significant increase in thrust." "With the help of electricity
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